KM Op3 has a oled and for me galaxy s2 s3 did not have PWM at 100 %, but the slight 60hz flicker was enough to cause eye strain. I'm not pushing this idea or doubting your experience, but if u could source a second hand xz premium, at least you could try if a completely flicker free would help.
I was running all the versions of Android with xz premium from the release to 8 so at least the Sony implementation did not cause any problems.
I've had all kinds of led ligjts at my home for years and I don't get any problems from those (that I could notice) but some spot LED's at restaurants or shops that visibly flicker, cause bloodshot eyes. The LED's that I have at home do not visibly flicker and I'm unable to detect flicker with a DSLR.
It would be really interesting to also understand what is it in a led that does not flicker, that causes symptoms for some. The lack of IR seems like the most plausible explanation to me, at the moment. Since my reasoning says that just blue light or bright light should not cause symptoms as light is light whether it shines from a blue color e. g. wall or car or what ever and the intensity of LED's are so tiny comparing to outdoor daylight. Just to be clear, I'm not doupting the issue, just wondering what is it that causes it. If it is the blue, then wearing blue blockers should help.