If it makes eyes work harder, all OLED smartphones are unsuitable since they need to be run at 100% brightness then dimmed using something like Extra Dim or Reduce White Point.
Yesterday I used my friend's iPhone, and when I brought it close to my face I felt a strange dizziness that was not psychosomatic and is something I didn't experience even with the Moto Edge. I actually wasn't expecting anything because viewing that display from a distance, and outside in the bright sun, gave me no symptoms. However, in an indoors environment with the phone brought close to my face, it was obvious.
Seems like IPS LCD is the best we have right now at least for phones.
Otherwise, using an OLED phone on 100% brightness exclusively in daylight could be an option, but seems less ideal than IPS LCD with superior dimming.
Regarding programs like Night Shift, I personally experience relief when not using those programs. I use them, however, in the evening when close to bedtime because they help prevent my body from being overstimulated by the screen.
However, another solution is using tinted computer glasses. And that way maybe you can run the phone at 100% brightness and use it comfortably in less bright environments?