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martin The BPW 34 seems to be pretty fast. 100 nanoseconds rise/fall time for the Vishnay Model, 200 ns for OSRAM's. I found this link where someone further explains those values: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/118141/high-frequency-blinking-leds-and-sensor-for-that
The OSRAM BPW 21 you mention seems to be much slower - 1.5 microseconds, which are 1500 nanoseconds:
https://www.osram.com/os/ecat/TO39%20Ambient%20Light%20Sensor%20BPW%2021/com/en/class_pim_web_catalog_103489/global/prd_pim_device_2219533/ (There's a linked datasheet PDF with specs)
OSRAM BPW 34:
https://www.osram.com/os/ecat/DIL%20BPW%2034/com/en/class_pim_web_catalog_103489/global/prd_pim_device_2219534/
The next step might be those more expensive photodiodes. Somewhere I saw a price of $40. But maybe that's overkill. We better upgrade our oscilloscope first.
The cheap Hantek 6022BE USB oscilloscope has sample rates of up to 48 MSa/s. Compared to 44100 Hz of our sound card, that'd be a big upgrade.
www.amazon.com/Hantek-HT6022BE20Mhz-Digital-Oscilloscope-Bandwidth/dp/B009H4AYII
It even has an open source project with Linux and Mac support: http://openhantek.org