Markus To enable it in Windows 10 go to "Device Manager" and in the main part of the display "Display Adaptors" I select the Intel integrated graphics and I right click on "Disable Device".
You can check if you are on Microsoft Basic Display Driver by running dxdiag.exe and selecting the display tab. It will state "Microsoft Basic Display Driver" near the top. It is very easy to enable the drivers again if you want to play games, do colour sensitive work, etc. For office applications and web browsing, I am happy to use the basic display driver.
I am currently using a laptop with no discrete graphics card.
If I set the resolution to 19201080 I still get headaches but much better than without. Probably similar to using ditherig. If I set the resolution to 1024768 (a 4:3 aspect ratio) using "Display Settings">"Display Resolution" then I get the best set up for my eyes. This stretches the 4:3 graphics output to fit the 16:9 laptop screen, so the images are distorted (stretched in the horizontal direction).
My main experiences when using screens I don't like are feelings of tightness in my head and eyes, headaches, and often a sense that the screen is moving (both on PWM screens and screens I have read are PWM free). Over time this leads to tiredness and what I've read as brain fog. When I use macOS the whole page seems to be constantly changing. No images are moving, there are no afterimages, but I get the sensation of constant change from a screen that is displaying a static image. All of that goes when I use the Basic Display Driver on Windows 10. I have been using computers since the mid 1980s. I used them as the main part of my work for decades. I had no problems until 2012 when I bought a Mac Mini and MacBook Air. I've tried many different solutions since. The differences between a good set up and a bad one are obvious. To the people who say that these symptoms are normal or I am a freak, I say that I have had tired eyes at many different points in my life before 2012. But the symptoms I talk about have as much to do with tired eyes as a broken bone has to do with a bruise. The worst example of my symptoms comes in expensively lit rooms, such as museums, jewellery shops, and conference venues. Obviously not all venues impact me, but I can feel physically nauseous in minutes in some places.