Donux yeah it seems like the issues with M1 Air and M2/M3 Air are all about that slight PWM-like flicker that is most visible on dark grays through a 240hz slow motion recording (but can also be seen on whites TOO if the camera exposure is turned down a ton! which makes me think it's not dithering).
For reference, on all the Apple Silicon laptop, Stillcolor doesn't affect this specific flicker issue — it doesn't matter whether it's installed, enabled, disabled.
The PWM-like flicker is always there on M1/M2/M3 Airs. It's always not there on the M2 Touch Bar Pro.
it's really obvious that it's a significant factor to strain, because whenever a dark background shows up on the Airs I immediately feel weirdly tired, a bit "smudgy" looking or like I have to readjust. sometimes I can get used to it, but then when I later go back to a light mode screen I have to readjust yet again.
even my very usable and generally "stable-feeling" Intel 2015 12" MacBook shows the same flicker on camera, and I notice that I have the same issue with dark colors on that screen too! I realized recently that I also have trouble adjusting between light and dark pages on that machine despite this old Mac still being usable and "dither-free" enough to be productive on for the most part! This is what made me really nail down this PWM-like flicker as the culprit…
because on the other hand, on the M2 Touch Bar Pro which is one of the only Macs I know that does not show this flicker…
on the M2 TB Pro, dark colors feel the exact same as light colors, even apps with dark modes that i usually hate looking at (like the weird "low-contrast" dark modes used in many Google apps) feel very crisp and "well-defined" on this panel. I don't feel "tired" at all when the color scheme suddenly shifts. I also feel like I have "more freedom" in which color schemes and wallpapers I use, darker areas of wallpapers don't "distract me" as much.
I've already used many wallpapers on this M2 TB Pro for entire days without thinking much about it — that usually, I would have an urge to "stop using" after only 30 minutes of having them in the background on other laptops and monitors.
the best metaphor I can use to describe this…
On a screen that has this "dark gray flicker issue" like the M1 Air or even a usable machine like the 2015 12", if I set a code editor theme with low contrast grays and purples, it "gives off the vibe" of walking through a sleepy lavender flower field at 100 degrees outside while having really bad allergies. Of course I don't mean this literally LOL but hopefully you get the point.
On a screen without the dark gray flicker on camera, like the M2 TB, the same code editor theme feels like that field but it's after the nicest spring rain ever, it's colder outside with fresh air, the stone pathway (AKA the gray background) has that "wet" smoother dark gray appearance to it, the flowers (AKA the color-coded fragments of code) sparkle independently in crisp and "distinct" colors instead of "hazily blurring together".
Both laptops at max brightness, both the M1 Air and M2 TB have Stillcolor activated, no True Tone or Night Shift, same color profile.
This seems to be mostly independent of whether a screen uses temporal dithering or not (however, temporal dithering definitely can make it worse).
Putting the "dark gray flicker on camera" (M1 Air) and "no dark gray flicker on camera" (M2 TB) screens side by side, the colors I'm actually seeing are calibrated to nearly the same brightness and color temperature — but I feel completely different while looking at dark user interfaces on them. I generally feel like I can "process more distinct colors all at the same time" on the "no flicker" screen (the M2 TB Pro).
Unfortunately I am not experienced in any significant way with macOS system internals, so I do not know if it is possible at all to prevent this flicker issue on the screens that are affected by it.
I actually tried messing with as many IOMFB registry properties as I could on both the M1 Air and M2 Air, recording dark gray on camera every time, and none of them would stop the flicker on either laptop.
But the M2 TB Pro doesn't have the flicker to begin with!
I also still don't know exactly why the M2 TB does not have the issue. I'm kind of doubting that it's at the OS level, it's probably something to do with the display controller, TCON, or the panel itself.
I'm leaning towards "display controller or TCON" because now we've seen many M2 TB Pros in this thread, some with very different panel serial numbers, and none of them have the flicker issue on camera on any shade of dark gray.
On the other hand, all M1/M2/M3 Airs seem to have it to a degree. Even some people I've seen here who thought their Air "didn't have the issue"… after recording it on max brightness and dark gray, they realized their Air actually did have the issue!