aiaf I'm starting to suspect that even if it's not a second layer of dithering, maybe the reason why even a very dark gamma doesn't seem to affect banding on specifically the internal XDR screen is because of the individual control of mini-LED brightness zones.
If that's the case, that would also mean the screen might be using different levels of PWM in each backlight zone depending on which color is displayed there.
(This would be similar to what I've noticed in slow motion recordings of some OLED iPhones and the Apple Watch, which have backlight control per pixel. Sometimes certain shades of gray flicker at different rates than others.)
There's also the chance that the internal screen is 8-bit + FRC to achieve 10-bit compatibility (and thus achieve more precise shades of gray)… and this stage of FRC happens at the panel level after it's already received any 10-bit signal, similar to a lot of ""10-bit"" external monitors?
I wonder if there's any way to force all mini-LED zones on an XDR MacBook Pro to the same exact brightness?
For example, get black to show up as that classic "blue-ish IPS glow" instead of completely turning off those zones as the Mac usually does, which would also solve the infamous and widely-discussed "blooming" issue these Macs have with white text on a pure black background.
(Of course, at the obvious cost of reducing contrast ratio, but I've never cared about black levels honestly. I actually prefer displays with just one uniform backlight zone... after all, you don't light up a room or a sheet of paper with "10,000 invididual ultra bright mini-LEDs" blasting in your face 🙂 )