kammerer I use Windows 7, on a 2009 Sony laptop (CCFL) with Mobile IntelĀ® Graphics Media Accelerator 4500MHD. This is the only set up that doesn't cause eye strain, though I've used Linux (mainly Ubuntu) that are now end of life that have not caused eye strain. It is painfully slow, and almost unusable at times. So I switch to using a W10 laptop when I need to do standard office productivity tasks.
I can use Windows 10 with tolerable eye strain if I use integrated Intel graphics. Ditherig seems to make a slight difference.
GTX 1050 ti, GTX 1060, and GTX 770 all cause more or less eye strain that isn't tolerable. I'd try plasma screens or OLED laptops if I could view one in shops. These are all on W10.
I tried a few different laptops from about 2013-2015 going Intel only, AMD only, AMD GPU, and didn't find a good solution.
All Mac OSs since 2012 have been really bad for me - intolerable instantly and just get worse if I try to endure it for half an hour.
I've tried colour adjustments using accessibility options, flux and similar, ditherig, and probably other ideas I've forgotten.
My plan for a next build is probably an i5 (6th generation), with Win 7 (second hand) and maybe stick a GTX 6xx in it.