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I think their are basic principles but no one size fits all solution. It's useful to see both the personal experiences and the "objective" measurement data. What's interesting is when the subjective experience does not seem match the measurements.
FWIW, I'm not a professional programmer but prior to more severe eyestrain and discovering this site I was doing a moderate amount of graphics related programming (VSCode with default white and darker material theme in the evening, windows 11 using both mix of both integrated and discrete gpu modes). I attribute eyestrain to switching from 240hz to 60hz refresh rate on a laptop screen and increased "stress". I do not remember ever having significant eyes issue during the windows 7,8,10 and using laptops with wide gamut support and/or PWM like the thinkpad w520, t500, etc. which I not longer have for testing.