When did this start for you? While I don't sound exactly similar to you (for example, I can't even come close to using an iPhone 13 without immediate symptoms) something happened toward the end of May where even my previously "safe" computer (9 year old Lenovo T450s on Windows 10 docked with two old HP Elitedisplay E221s) started giving me severe burning eyestrain. Previously my symptoms on "bad" devices seemed more neurological (dizziness, feeling of unease, warmth, nausea, pressure). This felt more like actual pain in the eyes. Since then I've been having problems with just about everything.
I went back and looked and there were some Windows updates that hit right around the time it started. Not sure if that is what caused my problems but previously I've had issues where "good" iOS devices are rendered unusable by software updates (I can only use some LCD older Apple products and pretty much don't seem to be able to use them beyond iOS 16.1) so I know software changes can definitely create issues. There are quite a few threads on here about Windows updates also causing issues. I thought I had avoided those issues but maybe Windows finally caught up with me (and potentially you?)